A. INTERNET
The internet is a frequently changing collection of millions of computer networks serving tens of millions of people around the world. Users can access any information, regardless of the type of computer they have, because of standard protocols that allow all computers to communicate with each other. Most information is shared without change except for whatever access fee is required ti maintain an account with an Internet Service Provider(ISP) such as America Online(AOL), Prodigy, or any of the many local or community ISPs. Connecting with other computers requires a modem, a device that changes computer data into audio signals for transmission across the telephone lines.
1). Internet Services
The internet connects thousands of computer networks worldwide. It provides users with several basic types of connection services :
a. Electronic mail(E-mail) for person to person communication.
b. A type of electronic, public bulletin board enabling a person to connect with a group interested in the same topic.
c. Information searcg capabilities for accessing libraries and databases of information throughout the world.
d. Access to highly specialized computer prorams not readily available to individuals
e. "Live" communication, allowing individuals on the internet at the same time to"chat" or "talk" in real time, as quickly as they can type their messages.
f. Audio communication, allowing individuals with appropriate software to loterally talk with each other as they would do ever the telephone.
g. Video based communication, through sofrware such as CU-SeeMe and NetMeeting, letting individuals or small groups see and hear each other and ahow objects in real time.
2). Internet Address
An internet address contains three parts : the person's name or username (pseudonym), the computer network where they can be reached, and the type of organization they are a part of. For example, the following is the e-mail address for one of this book's authors :
a. Organization Abbreviations.
- Commercial = com
- Educational = edu
- Government(U.S) = gov
- Military (U.S) = mil
- Service networks = net
- Nonprofit organization = org
Additional designations are being proposed as this book goes to press, in an international effort to accomodate the rapidly growing nunber of internet users throughout the world.
b. International Abbreviations.
Each country outside The U.S has its own two-letter abbreviation that appears in place of the organization, as in the following examples :
- Australia = au
- Canada = ca
- Italy = it
- Mexico = mx
- Netherlands = nl
3). Internet Usage
Internet users can communicate with one another by participating in discussion groups, of which there are two types : newsgroups (sometimes called chat groups or conferences) and mailing lists (also called listservs). Both newsgroups and mailing lists are typically dedicated to a single subject,vand allow you to read comments, questions, and between of others on the tlsame subject and to post comments, questions, and answers of your own.
4). Internet Language
The internet has acquired its oen vocabulary of hundreds of terms.
B. WORLD WIDE WEB : ACCESS TO THE INTERNET
The world wide web(the WEB) isn't separate from the internet. Instead it rides on top of it, in the same way that an application such as PowerPoint runs on top of an operating system such as Windows. The web protovol, called hypertext transfer protocal(HTTP), ensures compatibility before transferring information. The web is comprised of documents called Web Pages. Each individual collection of pages is called a Website.
1). The Web for Delivery of Instruction
To use the web to deliver instruction, web pages have to be designed and written, and a host computer must be identified to house them. Websites act as information centres and include information about programs of study, products, services, events favilities, and materials available. There are specific steps for the students in a quest :
a. Introduction : a scenatio points to ket issues or concepts to prepare the students to ask questions
b. Task : students identify issues or problems and form wuestions for the quest.
c. Process : students assume roles and begin to identify the procedures they will follow to gather information to answer their questions.
d. Sources : resources are identified by the teacher and students to investigate in their quest.
e. Conclusion : this is the end of the quest, but invites students to continue to investigate issues or problems.
• Advantages :
- Variety of media : The internet is a versatile means of delivering information to learners around the world.
- Up to date information access : Until recently, educators were limited to the resources in their classrooms or shool buildings.
- Navigation : A primary advantage of the internet is the ability to move easily within and among documents.
- Idea exchange : The participate in activities that allow them to exchange ideas with other atudents, even those living in other countries.
- Low cost : The cost of hardware, software, telephone time, and telecommunication services are nominal and are decreasing.
• Limitations :
- Copyright : Because information is so easily accessible, it's also very simple for an individuals to quickly download a file.
- Access speed : Lengthy wait times can be prevented through prudent web page design.
- Support : Good technical support to be readily available.
C. INTRANET
Intranets are a way of increasing communication, collaboration, and information dissemination within companies or schools where divisions, departments, and workgroups each yse a different computer platform (hardware or operating system) ,or where users works in geographically distant locations. When using an intranet, it's important that it tie in with the structure, high-level business needs, and information technology of the organization.
• Advantages :
- Centralization : Information resides in a central database accessible by all employees or students at any time.
- Consistency.
- Currency : An intranet allows for easy, low cost, timely updates of materials, removing the need for constantly replacing multiple copies of obsolete materials.
- Pull versus push approach.
• Limitations :
- Unreliable remote connections : An employee or learner dialing in from home may occasionally encounter line problems or a broken connection.
- Speed of response : Response time can be very slow for sending or downloading graphics, photos, animation, audio, or video.
D. WIDE ARE NETWORK (WAN)
A WAN connects a number of computers within a single institution and beyond with one another. Some WANs use a "hardwired" configuration : a campuswide network connecting all buildings via a cable or fiber system is one such example. Wide are networking via a computer and modem is done from locations throughout the world. A bulletin board posts a common pool of information and messages for a particular interest group.
E. LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN)
LAN connects computers within a limited area, normally a builfing office, or laboratory. A LAN relies on a centralized computer called a file server that "serves" all other computers connected to it via special writing. A computer lab is often a LAN, because all the computers in the lab are connected to a single file server, which is usually tucked away in a closet or other out of the way space.
F. ISSUES
The center for education and research in information assurance and security (CERIAS) focuses on multidisciplinary research and education in the areas of information security. The organization is concerned with supporting educators in issues of privacy, ethics, and management of information. Issues such as confidentially of student records, privacy of information, and protection of students while they work online are important considerations.
1). Monitoring Student Use
The teachers and parents must monitor students when using the internet to ensure that their behavior is appropriate and to discourage them from exploring inappropriate material either deliberately or accidentally. The amount and level of monitoring is often based on the age of the students younger students may need more monitoring than older students.
2). Acceptable Use Policies
AUPs are agreements among students, parents)guardians and the school administration outlining what is considered proper use of the internet by all parties involved. The policies usually include that the school will do what it can to control access to inappropriate information, that students will accept responsibility for not accessing such information, and that parents understand that there are possibilities that their children may access such information despite the school's efforts.
3). Security
Students should be instructed not to give out personal information such as their phone numbers, address and other personal informstion over the internet. It may be wise for students to give their school's phone number and address for correspondence. Also, ss an educstor, should be concerned that you have parental premission to post children's photos on the Web.
4). Etiquette
Using the analogy of the internet as the information superhighway, these are the "rules of the road". Referred to as netiquette, they apply to e-mail and to other interaction on the Web :
- Keep your message short and simple.
- Identify yourself as sender somewhere in the communicstion, include your name, postal address, and phone number.
- Doublecheck the address or URL before sending a message.
- When replying to a message, include the pertinent portions of the original message.
- Don't write anything you would not want somebody othet than the receiver to read.
- Check spelling, grammar, and punctuation.
- Be sensitivee to others.
- Don't use ssrcasm. It falls flat and doesn't come across.
- Be careful with humor.
G. USING THE ASSURE MODEL WITH NETWORK RESOURCES
1). Analyze Learners.Lesson development begins by identifying the audience.
2). State Objectives. Before stating specific obejctives, should to explore how you want students to use the network.
3). Select Methods, Media, and Materials. Selecting materials often begins by "surfing" the Web. Locate websites on a specific subject matter by using a search engine such as Google, Alta Vista, Web Crawler, or Yahoo!
4). Utilize Media and Materials. The length of the lesson will depend on the scope of materials available, manner of presentation, and available time. When using the internet, provide time for students to search for relevant materials.
5). Require Learner Participation. Get the students involved in finding the neccessary information and materials or making contact with individuals. The process of searching may br one of their most important outcomes, especially for early lessons using computer networks.
6). Evaluate and Revise. In addition, computer networks and sites change frequently, and may be forced to change the lesson before offering it again.
H. FUTURE POSSIBILITIES
Source : Heinich, Molenda, Russell, Smaldino et. 2002. Instructural Media and Technologies for Learning volume 7. California: The University of California.
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